ACG-FOS Demonstration Project

Medical Necessity Documentation Toolset

Fentanyl, also known as fentanil, is an opioid pain medication with a rapid onset and short duration of action. It is a potent agonist of μ-opioid receptors. Fentanyl is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine, but some fentanyl analogues, which are designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, may be as much as 10,000 times more potent than morphine... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Not Available                                                                                                                                        Average retail cost: $42/carton

Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. When taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain relief usually occurs within an hour.... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Not Available                                                                                                                                        Average retail cost: $60/month

Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: MS Contin                                                                                                                                      Average retail cost: $67/month

Fentanyl transdermal patches (Durogesic/Duragesic) are used in chronic pain management. The patches work by slowly releasing fentanyl through the skin into the bloodstream over 48 to 72 hours, allowing for long-lasting pain management... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Duragesic                                                                                                                                     Average retail cost: $218/carton

Oxycodone is a semisynthetic opioid synthesized from thebaine, an opioid alkaloid found in the Persian poppy, and one of the many alkaloids found in the opium poppy. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic (orally roughly 1.5 times more potent than morphine), generally indicated for relief of moderate to severe pain... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: OxyContin                                                                                                                                         Average retail cost: $220/month

Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Not Available                                                                                                                                        Average retail cost: $225/month

Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate type which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to decrease the feeling of pain. It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain.... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Arymo ER                                                                                                                                        Average retail cost: $274/month

Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine, one of the opioid alkaloids found in the opium poppy. It is a narcotic analgesic used orally for relief of moderate to severe pain... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Hysingla ER                                                                                                                                       Average retail cost: $292/month

Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex, among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid addiction, moderate acute pain and moderate chronic pain... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Belbuca                                                                                                                                       Average retail cost: $293/month

Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Not Available                                                                                                                                       Average retail cost: $310/month

Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: MorphaBond                                                                                                                                       Average retail cost: $345/month

Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex, among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid addiction, moderate acute pain and moderate chronic pain... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Butrans                                                                                                                                       Average retail cost: $359/month

Oxymorphone, sold under the brand names Numorphan among others, is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic (painkiller) developed in Germany in 1914. Pain relief after injection begins after about 5–10 minutes and 15–30 minutes after rectal administration, and lasts about 3–4 hours for immediate-release tablets and 12 hours for extended-release tablets... Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Opana ER                                                                                                                                      Average retail cost: $379/month

Xtampza® ER (oxycodone) is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Manufacturer's Website: Xtampza ER                                                                                                                                      Average retail cost: $390/month

Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid, among others, is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. It is made from morphine. Comparatively, hydromorphone is to morphine as hydrocodone is to codeine – it is a hydrogenated ketone thereof. In medical terms, it is an opioid analgesic, and in legal terms, a narcotic...Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Exalgo                                                                                                                                               Average retail cost: $436/month

In 2014, the FDA approved a formulation of hydrocodone called Zohydro ER made by Zogenix Pharmaceuticals. The approval of Zohydro ER was controversial, due to concerns over its potential for substance abuse. The FDA approved Zohydro ER over the objections of its own review panel, which voted 12 to 2 against approval...Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Zohydro                                                                                                                                              Average retail cost: $447/month

Tapentadol (brand names: Nucynta, Palexia and Tapal) is a centrally acting opioid analgesic of the benzenoid class with a dual mode of action as an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). Analgesia occurs within 32 minutes of oral administration, and lasts for 4–6 hours...Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Nucynta                                                                                                                                             Average retail cost: $665/month

Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day...Wikipedia

Manufacturer's Website: Kadian                                                                                                                                                Average retail cost: $900/month

Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain... Wikipedia

This drug is no longer available.

Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day...Wikipedia

This drug is no longer available.

Oxymorphone, sold under the brand names Numorphan among others, is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic (painkiller) developed in Germany in 1914. Pain relief after injection begins after about 5–10 minutes and 15–30 minutes after rectal administration, and lasts about 3–4 hours for immediate-release tablets and 12 hours for extended-release tablets... Wikipedia

This drug is no longer available.

Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day...Wikipedia

This drug is no longer available.